The positive influence of ultrasound (US) on crystallization processes is shown by the dramatic reduction of the induction period, supersaturation conditions and metastable zone width. Manipulation of this influence can be achieved by changing US-related variables such as frequency, intensity, power and even geometrical characteristics of the ultrasonic device (e.g. horn type size). The volume of the sonicated solution and irradiation time are also variables to be optimized in a case-by-case basis as the mechanisms of US action on crystallization remain to be established. Nevertheless, the results obtained so far make foreseeable that crystal size distribution, and even crystal shape, can be ‘tailored’ by appropriate selection of the sonication conditions.

For semiconductors, doping is an efficient approach to tune their energy bandgaps, charge transport, and optical properties which could enable the improvement of the corresponding performances and open up the possibility of multifunction integration. Recently, significant advances have been achieved in molecular doped organic semiconductors, especially doped organic semiconductor single crystals (OSSCs) which have features of well-defined packing structures, long-range molecular orders, and low-density defects for fundamental studies and improved properties. In this review, we will give a summary of the exciting progress of molecular doped OSSCs from the aspects of selection criteria of molecular dopants, general growth methods, and resulting optoelectronic properties as well as their applications in optoelectronic devices. Finally, a brief conclusion is given with challenges and perspectives of molecular doped OSSCs and their related promising research directions in this field.

https://www.bitchute.com/v...