The Mac @TheMac
02 July, 01:26
Can a quantum bit superposition be in two off positional states at once?

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The Mac @TheMac
02 July, 01:32
In response The Mac to his Publication
A MIRRORING

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The Mac @TheMac
02 July, 01:38
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AN EYE FOR AN EYE

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The Mac @TheMac
02 July, 01:39
In response The Mac to his Publication
The number of generated electron-hole pairs is proportional to the number of absorbed photons. Since the energy of each photon is ħω, the generation rate is given by: (6.27) where Qe is equal to the average number of electron-hole pairs produced by one photon.

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The Mac @TheMac
02 July, 01:41
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In chemistry, an electron pair or Lewis pair consists of two electrons that occupy the same molecular orbital but have opposite spins. Gilbert N. Lewis introduced the concepts of both the electron pair and the covalent bond in a landmark paper he published in 1916.

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The Mac @TheMac
02 July, 01:42
In response The Mac to his Publication
electron pair

noun
plural noun: electron pairs
1.
CHEMISTRY
two electrons occupying the same orbital in an atom or molecule.
2.
PHYSICS
an electron and a positron produced in a high-energy reaction.

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The Mac @TheMac
02 July, 01:43
In response The Mac to his Publication
positron
/ˈpɒzɪtrɒn/

nounPHYSICS
a subatomic particle with the same mass as an electron and a numerically equal but positive charge.

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The Mac @TheMac
02 July, 01:44
In response The Mac to his Publication
Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

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The Mac @TheMac
02 July, 01:45
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Electropositivity can be defined as the tendency of an atom to donate electrons to form positively charged cations. The property to form positively charged cations is most probably exhibited by the metallic elements in the periodic table, especially the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals.

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The Mac @TheMac
02 July, 01:46
In response The Mac to his Publication
When an X-ray photon is absorbed by an atom or molecule, it usually knocks out one of the electrons from deep inside the atom through a process called photoionization or, more specifically, inner-shell photoionization. This process leaves behind a core-excited atom or molecule that will decay further.

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The Mac @TheMac
02 July, 01:51
In response The Mac to his Publication
(screen grabbed)

Are photoionization from ground and recombination to ground consider a reversible processes in the thermodynamic sense?

Ignoring any quantum broadening effects, consider a closed system of one Hydrogen and one ionizing photon. The photon could ionize the atom, which would later recombine emitting the same energy photon that was absorbed. This seems to be a cycle that ends in the same state, therefore I'm guessing each ionization and recombination must be reversible processes.

Now recombinations do not always end up in the ground state. Then the recombination to a different level other than ground would lead to a cascade that would result in at a minimum of two photons, with at most only one of ionizing energy. Given enough time and repetition of recombining to a state other than ground there will eventually be no ionizing photon.

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The Mac @TheMac
Since photons have zero chemical potential, this doesn't necessarily mean the system is in a different state does it? Just interestingly the system can no longer perform this process.
01:52 PM - Jul 02, 2021
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Only people mentioned by TheMac in this post can reply
The Mac @TheMac
02 July, 01:53
In response The Mac to his Publication
If this single atom case is reversible, are the same processes in a system of multiple atoms and photons reversible? This seems different since now the atoms can thermalize amongst each other. Imagine the gas is initially at a lower temperature than the photon gas, then given enough time the two gases will equilibrate. As before eventually there will be no more ionizing photons and you could not reverse the gas back to its original state of being colder than the photon gas. It seems the gas is then in a state which cannot be taken back to it's initial state.

If the system is both the photon and gas is this necessarily a different state? Did I pull a slight of hand, and the problem with this scenario is that the collisions were the irreversible process, not the ionization and recombinations themselves?

asked
Aug 15 '17 at 5:53

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The Mac @TheMac
02 July, 01:54
In response The Mac to his Publication
1 Answer
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I think your question is somewhat ill defined, and you need to understand that the word process has different meanings in different contexts. The thermodynamic process implies some interaction between two systems, while in unitary, Schrödinger equation like dynamics, it usually mean transitions between states as considered when drawing Feynman diagrams.

If you're considering a closed system as you describe at the beginning of your question you must consider to photon bath as part of your closed system which is a bit unnatural in my eyes.

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