Cardiac diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, especially in the elderly. The primary function of the heart is to pump the blood that supplies oxygen and nutrients to the entire body. This association between inflammation and adverse cardiac events is well-acknowledged. Immune response participates in several heart conditions and diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI), myocarditis, endocarditis, myocardial fibrosis (MF) and arrhythmia. Many cardiac diseases have been recognized as inflammatory conditions characterized by the infiltration of monocytes and macrophage differentiation to promote localized inflammation. https://macrophage.creativ...