The Mac
@TheMac
12 July, 07:43
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Maybe Herb
@maybeherb
12 July, 08:10
In response The Mac to his Publication
I suspected at the time, why the highest level of assistance for a commoners missing child?
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The Mac
@TheMac
12 July, 02:12
In response Maybe Herb to her Publication
The Commission adopted a 5G action plan for Europe in 2016 to ensure the early deployment of 5G infrastructure across Europe. The objective of the action plan was to start launching 5G services in all EU Member States by end 2020 at the latest.7 Jun 2022
https://digital-strategy.e... › ...
5G | Shaping Europe's digital future - European Union
https://digital-strategy.e... › ...
5G | Shaping Europe's digital future - European Union
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Maybe Herb
@maybeherb
12 July, 03:08
In response The Mac to his Publication
and the connection is?
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 05:50
In response Maybe Herb to her Publication
Ion-ion interactions are an attractive force between ions with opposite charges. They are also referred to as ionic bonds and are the forces that hold together ionic compounds.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 05:51
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 05:55
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 05:58
In response The Mac to his Publication
Recently, optical stimulation1,2,3 has begun to unravel the neuronal processing that controls certain animal behaviours4,5. However, optical approaches are limited by the inability of visible light to penetrate deep into tissues. Here, we show an approach based on radio-frequency magnetic-field heating of nanoparticles to remotely activate temperature-sensitive cation channels in cells. Superparamagnetic ferrite nanoparticles were targeted to specific proteins on the plasma membrane of cells expressing TRPV1, and heated by a radio-frequency magnetic field. Using fluorophores as molecular thermometers, we show that the induced temperature increase is highly localized. Thermal activation of the channels triggers action potentials in cultured neurons without observable toxic effects.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:01
In response The Mac to his Publication
The use of semiconductor quantum dots (qdots) as optical imaging agents is well established; however, the use of these nanoparticles to form interfaces that interact directly with cells has proved more challenging. Our goal has been to create specific nanoparticle-neuronal receptor interfaces that can be optically excited to elicit an action potential. Our preliminary calculations showed the possible feasibility of this approach, even in the presence of Debye screening. We therefore have developed several methods of nanoparticle-directed binding to cell surfaces. These methods can produce either nonspecific or directed interfaces, only nanometers from the receptor of interest. These techniques are versatile and have allowed us to achieve a variety of nanoparticle-neuron interfaces; however, they are also subject to inherent limitations at the cell surface, including endocytosis.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:02
In response The Mac to his Publication
To address this concern, we have developed tethered nanoparticle films, which may be able to interact nonspecifically with receptors of nerve cells cultured on their surfaces. These films were found to be extremely stable in cell culture media, but degraded within 3-5 days in primary neuron cultures. Here, we discuss the initial development of tethered quantum dot films produced in our laboratory and their compatibility with cell culture conditions.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:04
In response The Mac to his Publication
Quantum dots control brain cells for the first time | New Scientist
Using quantum dots to generate brain signals offers new potential for treating blindness, Alzheimer's and even depression
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn21475-quantum-dots-control-brain-cells-for-the-first-time/Notice: Undefined index: tg1tga_access in /home/admin/www/anonup.com/themes/default/apps/timeline/post.phtml on line 396
The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:05
In response The Mac to his Publication
For the first time ever, scientists can control human brain cells using quantum dots
What if you could treat conditions ranging from Alzheimer's to blindness, all with a flash of light? Researchers think it's possible — and they plan on using tiny particles called quantum dots to do it.
https://gizmodo.com/for-the-first-time-ever-scientists-can-control-human-b-5885157/ampNotice: Undefined index: tg1tga_access in /home/admin/www/anonup.com/themes/default/apps/timeline/post.phtml on line 396
The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:05
In response The Mac to his Publication
Flipping a light switch in the cell: Quantum dots used for targeted neural activation -- ScienceDaily
By harnessing quantum dots, researchers have developed a new and vastly more targeted way to stimulate neurons in the brain. Being able to switch neurons on and off and monitor how they communicate with one another is crucial for understanding -- and, ultimately, treating -- a host of brain disorder..
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120208132721.htmNotice: Undefined index: tg1tga_access in /home/admin/www/anonup.com/themes/default/apps/timeline/post.phtml on line 396
The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:06
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:07
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:07
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:08
In response The Mac to his Publication
A phased array ultrasound transducer is typically 2-3 cm long, consisting of 64-128 elements. It is a smaller assembly than a sequential array and can be either linear or curvilinear. A sector field of view is produced by all elements firing to create a single waveform
In antenna theory, a phased array usually means an electronically scanned array, a computer-controlled array of antennas which creates a beam of radio waves that can be electronically steered to point in different directions without moving the antennas
In antenna theory, a phased array usually means an electronically scanned array, a computer-controlled array of antennas which creates a beam of radio waves that can be electronically steered to point in different directions without moving the antennas
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:09
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:11
In response The Mac to his Publication
Metal nanoparticle arrays that support surface lattice resonances have emerged as an exciting platform for manipulating light–matter interactions at the nanoscale and enabling a diverse range of applications. Their recent prominence can be attributed to a combination of desirable photonic and plasmonic attributes: high electromagnetic field enhancements extended over large volumes with long-lived lifetimes. This Review will describe the design rules for achieving high-quality optical responses from metal nanoparticle arrays, nanofabrication advances that have enabled their production, and the theory that inspired their experimental realization. Rich fundamental insights will focus on weak and strong coupling with molecular excitons, as well as semiconductor excitons and the lattice resonances. Applications related to nanoscale lasing, solid-state lighting, and optical devices will be discussed. Finally, prospects and future open questions will be described
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:15
In response The Mac to his Publication
An exciton can form when a material absorbs a photon of higher energy than its bandgap.[4] This excites an electron from the valence band into the conduction band. In turn, this leaves behind a positively charged electron hole (an abstraction for the location from which an electron was moved). The electron in the conduction band is then less attracted to this localized hole due to the repulsive Coulomb forces from large numbers of electrons surrounding the hole and excited electron. These repulsive forces provide a stabilizing energy balance. Consequently, the exciton has slightly less energy than the unbound electron and hole. The wavefunction of the bound state is said to be hydrogenic, an exotic atom state akin to that of a hydrogen atom.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:16
In response The Mac to his Publication
However, the binding energy is much smaller and the particle's size much larger than a hydrogen atom. This is because of both the screening of the Coulomb force by other electrons in the semiconductor (i.e., its relative permittivity), and the small effective masses of the excited electron and hole. The recombination of the electron and hole, i.e., the decay of the exciton, is limited by resonance stabilization due to the overlap of the electron and hole wave functions, resulting in an extended lifetime for the exciton.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:17
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:17
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:19
In response The Mac to his Publication
Orbitons are one of three quasiparticles, along with holons and spinons, that electrons in solids are able to split into during the process of spin–charge separation, when extremely tightly confined at temperatures close to absolute zero.[1] The electron can always be theoretically considered as a bound state of the three, with the spinon carrying the spin of the electron, the orbiton carrying the orbital location and the holon carrying the charge, but in certain conditions they can become deconfined and behave as independent particles.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:21
In response The Mac to his Publication
deconfinement (uncountable)
(physics) That state of a system of quarks and gluons that are free to move relatively independently
Discontinuation of confinement
(physics) That state of a system of quarks and gluons that are free to move relatively independently
Discontinuation of confinement
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:22
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:26
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:26
In response The Mac to his Publication
[PDF] Dipole-dipole interaction between a quantum dot and a graphene nanodisk | Semantic Scholar
We study theoretically the dipole-dipole interaction and energy transfer in a hybrid system consisting of a quantum dot and graphene nanodisk embedded in a nonlinear photonic crystal. In our model, a probe laser field is applied to measure the energy transfer between the quantum dot and graphene nan..
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Dipole-dipole-interaction-between-a-quantum-dot-and-Cox-Singh/07a5b17f285e7564707bf69bc568cb2e98bfa9b0Notice: Undefined index: tg1tga_access in /home/admin/www/anonup.com/themes/default/apps/timeline/post.phtml on line 396
The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:27
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:33
In response The Mac to his Publication
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the system under investigation: A graphene nanodisk with radius R vibrates at its lowest asymmetric mode Ψ11. An illustrative example is depicted showing a quantum dot simulated as an x-polarized dipole emitter situated nearby the nanodisk. We compute the induced near-field potential as excited by the emitter.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:35
In response The Mac to his Publication
mind control (uncountable)
Subverting by means of psychological tactics an individual's control of his or her mind (thinking, behavior, emotions or decisions). One acknowledged technique to facilitate this is hypnosis.
Subverting by means of psychological tactics an individual's control of his or her mind (thinking, behavior, emotions or decisions). One acknowledged technique to facilitate this is hypnosis.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:39
In response The Mac to his Publication
Brainwashing (also known as mind control, menticide, coercive persuasion, thought control, thought reform, and re-education) is the concept that the human mind can be altered or controlled by certain psychological techniques. Brainwashing is said to reduce its subjects' ability to think critically or independently, to allow the introduction of new, unwanted thoughts and ideas into their minds,[1] as well as to change their attitudes, values and beliefs
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:42
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:44
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 07:18
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 07:25
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 08:38
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 08:38
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 08:39
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 08:40
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 08:44
In response The Mac to his Publication
NSOM images of WGM modes of different orders in microring resonator with 6 μ m outer diameter and 2 μ m inner diameter.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 08:45
In response The Mac to his Publication
An optical ring resonator is a set of waveguides in which at least one is a closed loop coupled to some sort of light input and output. (These can be, but are not limited to being, waveguides.) The concepts behind optical ring resonators are the same as those behind whispering galleries except that they use light and obey the properties behind constructive interference and total internal reflection. When light of the resonant wavelength is passed through the loop from input waveguide, it builds up in intensity over multiple round-trips due to constructive interference and is output to the output bus waveguide which serves as a detector waveguide. Because only a select few wavelengths will be at resonance within the loop, the optical ring resonator functions as a filter. Additionally, as implied earlier, two or more ring waveguides can be coupled to each other to form an add/drop optical filter.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 08:47
In response The Mac to his Publication
the optical ring resonator functions as a filter.
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Linda Moore
@mykismet06350
13 July, 10:37
In response The Mac to his Publication
Amos 9:9
For, lo, I will command, and I will sift the house of Israel among all nations, like as corn is sifted in a sieve, yet shall not the least grain fall upon the earth.
Amos
masc. proper name; third of the prophets in the Old Testament; via Latin and Greek, from Hebrew Amos, literally "borne (by God)."
9/369/963
Used 49 times in Scripture, the number 9 symbolizes divine completeness or conveys the meaning of finality. Christ died at hour nine of the day, or 3 p.m., to make the way of salvation open to everyone.
Judgement=99/9+9=18=9
For, lo, I will command, and I will sift the house of Israel among all nations, like as corn is sifted in a sieve, yet shall not the least grain fall upon the earth.
Amos
masc. proper name; third of the prophets in the Old Testament; via Latin and Greek, from Hebrew Amos, literally "borne (by God)."
9/369/963
Used 49 times in Scripture, the number 9 symbolizes divine completeness or conveys the meaning of finality. Christ died at hour nine of the day, or 3 p.m., to make the way of salvation open to everyone.
Judgement=99/9+9=18=9
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Linda Moore
@mykismet06350
13 July, 10:53
In response Linda Moore to her Publication
Number 9 and sorcery
In the Old Testament there are at least 9 groups or individuals who practiced sorcery. Although modern culture and entertainment tends to paint those who practice such 'black arts' in a benign or even positive light (e.g. stories and movies directed at children), the motives of Old Testament sorcerers was evil to the core.
Jezebel, the wife of Israel's evil King Ahab, used witchcraft and the evil arts to get her way (2Kings 9:22)
.Isaiah 45
9 fruits of the Spirit Faithfulness, Gentleness, Goodness, Joy, Kindness, Long suffering, Love, Peace and Self-control (Galatians 5:22 - 23).
Free Will and choice
In the Old Testament there are at least 9 groups or individuals who practiced sorcery. Although modern culture and entertainment tends to paint those who practice such 'black arts' in a benign or even positive light (e.g. stories and movies directed at children), the motives of Old Testament sorcerers was evil to the core.
Jezebel, the wife of Israel's evil King Ahab, used witchcraft and the evil arts to get her way (2Kings 9:22)
.Isaiah 45
9 fruits of the Spirit Faithfulness, Gentleness, Goodness, Joy, Kindness, Long suffering, Love, Peace and Self-control (Galatians 5:22 - 23).
Free Will and choice
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Linda Moore
@mykismet06350
13 July, 10:55
In response Linda Moore to her Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 01:56
In response Linda Moore to her Publication
Little is known of Heraclitus' life. Most of the ancient stories about him are later fabrications. It is generally believed that Heraclitus was of distinguished parentage, but he eschewed his privileged life for a lonely one as a philosopher. Little else is known about his early life and education. He regarded himself as self-taught and a pioneer of wisdom. His paradoxical philosophy and appreciation for wordplay and cryptic utterances has earned him the epithet "the obscure" since antiquity. He was considered a misanthrope who was subject to depression. Consequently, he became known as "the weeping philosopher" in contrast to the ancient philosopher Democritus, who was known as "the laughing philosopher".
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 02:00
In response The Mac to his Publication
Word play or wordplay[1] (also: play-on-words) is a literary technique and a form of wit in which words used become the main subject of the work, primarily for the purpose of intended effect or amusement. Examples of word play include puns, phonetic mix-ups such as spoonerisms, obscure words and meanings, clever rhetorical excursions, oddly formed sentences, double entendres, and telling character names (such as in the play The Importance of Being Earnest, Ernest being a given name that sounds exactly like the adjective earnest).
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 04:56
In response The Mac to his Publication
code; 3rd person present: codes; past tense: coded; past participle: coded; gerund or present participle: coding
1.
convert (the words of a message) into a code so as to convey a secret meaning.
1.
convert (the words of a message) into a code so as to convey a secret meaning.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 05:00
In response The Mac to his Publication
co-
1.
(forming nouns) joint; mutual; common.
"co-driver"
2.
(forming adjectives) jointly; mutually.
"coequal"
3.
(forming verbs) together with another or others.
"co-produce"
4.
MATHEMATICS
of the complement of an angle.
"cosine"
the complement of.
"co-latitude"
1.
(forming nouns) joint; mutual; common.
"co-driver"
2.
(forming adjectives) jointly; mutually.
"coequal"
3.
(forming verbs) together with another or others.
"co-produce"
4.
MATHEMATICS
of the complement of an angle.
"cosine"
the complement of.
"co-latitude"
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 05:03
In response The Mac to his Publication
bi-
/bʌɪ/
combining form
prefix: bi-
two; having two.
"bicoloured"
occurring twice in every one or once in every two.
"bicentennial"
lasting for two.
"biennial"
doubly; in two ways.
"biconcave"
CHEMISTRY
(in names of compounds) containing two atoms or groups of a specified kind.
"biphenyl"
CHEMISTRY
denoting an acid salt.
"bicarbonate"
BOTANY•ZOOLOGY
(of division and subdivision) twice over.
"bipinnate"
Origin
from Latin, ‘doubly, having two’; related to Greek di- ‘two’.
/bʌɪ/
combining form
prefix: bi-
two; having two.
"bicoloured"
occurring twice in every one or once in every two.
"bicentennial"
lasting for two.
"biennial"
doubly; in two ways.
"biconcave"
CHEMISTRY
(in names of compounds) containing two atoms or groups of a specified kind.
"biphenyl"
CHEMISTRY
denoting an acid salt.
"bicarbonate"
BOTANY•ZOOLOGY
(of division and subdivision) twice over.
"bipinnate"
Origin
from Latin, ‘doubly, having two’; related to Greek di- ‘two’.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 05:05
In response The Mac to his Publication
ding-dong; adverb: dingdong
with the simple alternate chimes of a bell.
"the church bells go ding-dong"
INFORMAL•BRITISH
energetically or wildly.
"her biological clock is going ding-dong"
adjective
adjective: ding-dong
1.
resembling the simple alternate chimes of a bell.
"he heard the ding-dong tones on the aircraft"
2.
INFORMAL•BRITISH
(of a contest) evenly matched and hard fought.
"the game was an exciting ding-dong battle"
with the simple alternate chimes of a bell.
"the church bells go ding-dong"
INFORMAL•BRITISH
energetically or wildly.
"her biological clock is going ding-dong"
adjective
adjective: ding-dong
1.
resembling the simple alternate chimes of a bell.
"he heard the ding-dong tones on the aircraft"
2.
INFORMAL•BRITISH
(of a contest) evenly matched and hard fought.
"the game was an exciting ding-dong battle"
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 05:08
In response The Mac to his Publication
Quantum superposition is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics. It states that, much like waves in classical physics, any two (or more) quantum states can be added together ("superposed") and the result will be another valid quantum state; and conversely, that every quantum state can be represented as a sum of two or more other distinct states. Mathematically, it refers to a property of solutions to the Schrödinger equation; since the Schrödinger equation is linear, any linear combination of solutions will also be a solution.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 05:10
In response The Mac to his Publication
An example of a physically observable manifestation of the wave nature of quantum systems is the interference peaks from an electron beam in a double-slit experiment. The pattern is very similar to the one obtained by diffraction of classical waves.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 05:12
In response The Mac to his Publication
Another example is a quantum logical qubit state, as used in quantum information processing, which is a quantum superposition of the "basis states"
|
0
⟩
|0rangle and
|
1
⟩
|1rangle . Here
|
0
⟩
|0rangle is the Dirac notation for the quantum state that will always give the result 0 when converted to classical logic by a measurement. Likewise
|
1
⟩
|1rangle is the state that will always convert to 1. Contrary to a classical bit that can only be in the state corresponding to 0 or the state corresponding to 1, a qubit may be in a superposition of both states. This means that the probabilities of measuring 0 or 1 for a qubit are in general neither 0.0 nor 1.0, and multiple measurements made on qubits in identical states will not always give the same result.
|
0
⟩
|0rangle and
|
1
⟩
|1rangle . Here
|
0
⟩
|0rangle is the Dirac notation for the quantum state that will always give the result 0 when converted to classical logic by a measurement. Likewise
|
1
⟩
|1rangle is the state that will always convert to 1. Contrary to a classical bit that can only be in the state corresponding to 0 or the state corresponding to 1, a qubit may be in a superposition of both states. This means that the probabilities of measuring 0 or 1 for a qubit are in general neither 0.0 nor 1.0, and multiple measurements made on qubits in identical states will not always give the same result.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 05:39
In response The Mac to his Publication
The interference of two single photons impinging on a beam splitter is measured in a time-resolved manner. Using long photons of different frequencies emitted from an atom-cavity system, a quantum beat with a visibility close to 100% is observed in the correlation between the photodetections at the output ports of the beam splitter. The time dependence of the beat amplitude reflects the coherence properties of the photons. Most remarkably, simultaneous photodetections are never observed, so that a temporal filter allows one to obtain perfect two-photon coalescence even for non-perfect photons.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 05:53
In response The Mac to his Publication
A shift of the 67Zn Mössbauer resonance line was observed when a ZnO single crystalline absorber was rotated with respect to the direction of the gamma-quanta. The experimental results could be explained by assuming the existence of an electric dipole moment of the photon. Two other alternative explanations are considered: the difference of the quadrupole splitting between the source and the absorber and the “interference effect”.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 05:56
In response The Mac to his Publication
standing wave, also called stationary wave, combination of two waves moving in opposite directions, each having the same amplitude and frequency. The phenomenon is the result of interference; that is, when waves are superimposed, their energies are either added together or canceled out.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 05:58
In response The Mac to his Publication
togethering (uncountable)
(travel) The practice of arranging joint travel or vacations, as a group.
(travel) The practice of arranging joint travel or vacations, as a group.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:01
In response The Mac to his Publication
A field superposition of singular beams incident on, and then reflected from a mirror has been investigated. It was demonstrated that the standing optical wave, which contains a vortex, possesses an orbital angle momentum where the energy flux circulates only in the azimuth direction of the beam. We show in this paper that the standing light wave containing the optical vortex transfers angular momentum to a substance located in the field of the vortex without moving the substance in the azimuth or radial directions. This property of the standing vortex present an opportunity to form the three-dimensional optical traps, gasdynamic and hydrodynamic vortices, in a localised volume by a direct transfer of the orbital angular momentum from the optical vortex.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:03
In response The Mac to his Publication
The orbital angular momentum of light (OAM) is the component of angular momentum of a light beam that is dependent on the field spatial distribution, and not on the polarization. It can be further split into an internal and an external OAM. The internal OAM is an origin-independent angular momentum of a light beam that can be associated with a helical or twisted wavefront. The external OAM is the origin-dependent angular momentum that can be obtained as cross product of the light beam position (center of the beam) and its total linear momentum.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:05
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:07
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:10
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:12
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:16
In response The Mac to his Publication
Figure 2. Animation of shear wave splitting upon entering an anisotropic medium. Courtesy of Ed Garnero.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:16
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:18
In response The Mac to his Publication
électromagnétiques
plural of électromagnétique
plural of électromagnétique
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:21
In response The Mac to his Publication
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of rapidly frozen biological specimens, or cryo-EM, would benefit from the development of a phase plate for in-focus phase contrast imaging. Several types of phase plates have been investigated, but rapid electrostatic charging of all such devices has hindered these efforts. Here, we demonstrate electron phase manipulation with a high-intensity continuous-wave laser beam, and use it as a phase plate for TEM. We demonstrate the laser phase plate by imaging an amorphous carbon film. The laser phase plate provides a stable and tunable phase shift without electrostatic charging or unwanted electron scattering. These results suggest the possibility for dose-efficient imaging of unstained biological macromolecules and cells.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:22
In response The Mac to his Publication
A plate that causes a change in the phase of an electron wave. The phase plate placed at the back focal plane of an electron microscope creates a relative phase change between the transmitted wave and scattered waves from a specimen.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:24
In response The Mac to his Publication
Phase-contrast imaging is a method of imaging that has a range of different applications. It exploits differences in the refractive index of different materials to differentiate between structures under analysis. In conventional light microscopy, phase contrast can be employed to distinguish between structures of similar transparency, and to examine crystals on the basis of their double refraction. This has uses in biological, medical and geological science. In X-ray tomography, the same physical principles can be used to increase image contrast by highlighting small details of differing refractive index within structures that are otherwise uniform. In transmission electron microscopy (TEM), phase contrast enables very high resolution (HR) imaging, making it possible to distinguish features a few Angstrom apart (at this point highest resolution is 40 pm[1]).
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:29
In response The Mac to his Publication
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:30
In response The Mac to his Publication
X-ray
/ˈɛksreɪ/
noun
1.
an electromagnetic wave of high energy and very short wavelength, which is able to pass through many materials opaque to light.
/ˈɛksreɪ/
noun
1.
an electromagnetic wave of high energy and very short wavelength, which is able to pass through many materials opaque to light.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:33
In response The Mac to his Publication
Identification of the initially prepared, optically active state remains a challenging problem in many studies of ultrafast photoinduced processes. We show that the initially excited electronic state can be determined using the anisotropic component of ultrafast time-resolved X-ray scattering signals. The concept is demonstrated using the time-dependent X-ray scattering of N-methyl morpholine in the gas phase upon excitation by a 200 nm linearly polarized optical pulse. Analysis of the angular dependence of the scattering signal near time zero renders the orientation of the transition dipole moment in the molecular frame and identifies the initially excited state as the 3pz Rydberg state, thus bypassing the need for further experimental studies to determine the starting point of the photoinduced dynamics and clarifying inconsistent computational results.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:36
In response The Mac to his Publication
Although breakdowns in the dipole approximation in the soft-X-ray photon-energy range (hν≤5 keV) were first observed 30 years ago and have been studied theoretically for many years, their significance at low energies has remained generally unappreciated within the broader photoemission community. Advances in gas-phase photoemission experiments using synchrotron radiation have recently highlighted nondipole effects at relatively low energies while probing the limits of the dipole approximation. Breakdowns in this approximation are manifested primarily as deviations from dipolar angular distributions of photoelectrons.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:36
In response The Mac to his Publication
Detailed new results demonstrate nondipolar angular-distribution effects are easily observable in atomic gases at energies well below 1 keV, and, in molecules, a previously unexpected phenomenon greatly enhances the breakdown of the dipole approximation just above core-level ionization thresholds. A progress report on this newly burgeoning area from an experimental perspective is presented here, including a brief history, a description of recent advances, graphical representations of nondipolar angular distributions, a re-evaluation of the classic first experiment in the soft-X-ray range and a look to the future.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:46
In response The Mac to his Publication
Initial plasma experiments in the Levitated Dipole Experiment focus on producing hot electron, high beta plasmas using a supported dipole configuration. Plasmas are created using multifrequency ECRH and it is therefore expected that most of the plasma energy will be stored in the fast electrons, Te > 100 keV. As a consequence, x-ray flux from bremsstrahlung emission is expected to be easily detectable. The energy spectrum of the x-ray emission below 740 keV is measured by a four channel pulse height analyzer using cadmium zinc telluride detectors. In addition, a single sodium iodide detector, which views energies up to 3 MeV, measures the intensity of the hot electron population. The electron temperature may be inferred from the x-ray energy. X-ray measurements are essential in diagnosing the effectiveness of various ECRH configurations. The design and installation of the pulse height analyzer are discussed in addition to the preliminary results from first plasma experiments.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:47
In response The Mac to his Publication
Hot carrier injection (HCI) is a phenomenon in solid-state electronic devices where an electron or a “hole” gains sufficient kinetic energy to overcome a potential barrier necessary to break an interface state. The term "hot" refers to the effective temperature used to model carrier density, not to the overall temperature of the device. Since the charge carriers can become trapped in the gate dielectric of a MOS transistor, the switching characteristics of the transistor can be permanently changed. Hot-carrier injection is one of the mechanisms that adversely affects the reliability of semiconductors of solid-state devices
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:49
In response The Mac to his Publication
The term “hot electron” was originally introduced to describe non-equilibrium electrons (or holes) in semiconductors.[2] More broadly, the term describes electron distributions describable by the Fermi function, but with an elevated effective temperature. This greater energy affects the mobility of charge carriers and as a consequence affects how they travel through a semiconductor device.[3]
Hot electrons can tunnel out of the semiconductor material, instead of recombining with a hole or being conducted through the material to a collector. Consequent effects include increased leakage current and possible damage to the encasing dielectric material if the hot carrier disrupts the atomic structure of the dielectric.
Hot electrons can tunnel out of the semiconductor material, instead of recombining with a hole or being conducted through the material to a collector. Consequent effects include increased leakage current and possible damage to the encasing dielectric material if the hot carrier disrupts the atomic structure of the dielectric.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:51
In response The Mac to his Publication
Hot electrons can be created when a high-energy photon of electromagnetic radiation (such as light) strikes a semiconductor.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:55
In response The Mac to his Publication
How are virus activated?
Virus activation from a latent state is often the result of stimulation by?
UV light can activate HIV genes.
Virus activation from a latent state is often the result of stimulation by?
UV light can activate HIV genes.
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 06:58
In response The Mac to his Publication
The generation of radical species in aqueous solution by photoirradiation of CdS, CdSe, and CdsE/ZnS quantum dots (QD), was investigated. Two independent methods such as EPR spectroscopy and a radical-specific highly sensitive fluorimetric assay was used to measure and identify any photogenerated radical species. CdS QDs were synthesized in a reverse-micellar medium while the CdSe QDs were synthesized according to the method of Peng and Peng. The CdSe QDs were then coated with hexamethyl-disilathiane and diethylzinc to produce CdSe/ZnS QDs. A fluorescence spectroscopy assay based on the specific trapping of hydroxyl radical by terepthalate anions was used to verify the hypothesis drawn from the EPR data. It was found that semiconductor quantum dots produce free radicals upon UV irradiation in aqueous solution with two independent methods. The results show that with two independent methods that semiconductor quantum dots produce free radicals upon UV radiation in aqueous solutions.
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Free radicals are produced by a variety of normal biological processes including aerobic metabolism and pathogenic defense mechanisms. They can also be a result of external exposures such as radiation, pollutants, and cigarette smoke. Reactive oxygen species, or ROS, are a subset of free radicals that contain oxygen.
07:00 PM - Jul 13, 2022
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The Mac
@TheMac
13 July, 07:02
In response The Mac to his Publication
What activates HIV virus?
Hydrogen peroxide is the main ROS that is responsible for HIV activation. 53. And also the depletion of reduced glutathione, which is the main intracellular antioxidant, is a crucial step for the activation of HIV.
Hydrogen peroxide is the main ROS that is responsible for HIV activation. 53. And also the depletion of reduced glutathione, which is the main intracellular antioxidant, is a crucial step for the activation of HIV.
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The Mac
@TheMac
14 July, 12:58
In response The Mac to his Publication
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