The Mac on AnonUp.com

27 February, 05:08

87,000 doctors and nurses suing those who are pushing this covid scam...

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eva amálka k...... @AmalLikesToPlay

27 February, 07:22

In response The Mac to his Publication

The Nuremberg Code
http://www.environmentandh...
The Hippocratic Oath (Modern Version)
https://rjoy4u.org/modernh...
Hippocratic Oath
https://tsmubioethics.weeb...

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 09:31

In response eva amálka k...... to her Publication

"To practice and prescribe to the best of my ability for the good of my patients, and to try to avoid harming them."

Oxidation is a normal and necessary process that takes place in your body. Oxidative stress, on the other hand, occurs when there’s an imbalance between free radical activity and antioxidant activity. When functioning properly, free radicals can help fight off pathogens. Pathogens lead to infections.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 09:32

In response The Mac to his Publication

When there are more free radicals present than can be kept in balance by antioxidants, the free radicals can start doing damage to fatty tissue, DNA, and proteins in your body. Proteins, lipids, and DNA make up a large part of your body, so that damage can lead to a vast number of diseases over time.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 09:32

In response The Mac to his Publication

diabetes
atherosclerosis, or the hardening of the blood vessels
inflammatory conditions
high blood pressure, which is also known as hypertension
heart disease
neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s
cancer

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 09:34

In response The Mac to his Publication

Oxidative stress can cause chronic inflammation. Infections and injuries trigger the body's immune response. Immune cells called macrophages produce free radicals while fighting off invading germs. These free radicals can damage healthy cells, leading to inflammation.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 09:35

In response The Mac to his Publication

Oxidative stress can activate a variety of transcription factors, which lead to the differential expression of some genes involved in inflammatory pathways. The inflammation triggered by oxidative stress is the cause of many chronic diseases.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 09:36

In response The Mac to his Publication

Oxidation happens under a number of circumstances including: when our cells use glucose to make energy. when the immune system is fighting off bacteria and creating inflammation.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 09:36

In response The Mac to his Publication

Inflammation refers to your body's process of fighting against things that harm it, such as infections, injuries, and toxins, in an attempt to heal itself. When something damages your cells, your body releases chemicals that trigger a response from your immune system.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 09:37

In response The Mac to his Publication

Inflammation happens when a physical factor triggers an immune reaction.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 09:38

In response The Mac to his Publication

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction and restricted-repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Strong inflammation states are associated with ASD. This inflammatory condition is often linked to immune system dysfunction.

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P.J. Shekhinah @Shekhinah

27 February, 09:39

In response The Mac to his Publication

I raised two kids with ASD

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:05

In response P.J. Shekhinah to her Publication

Bless your heart. 🙏🏻❤️

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P.J. Shekhinah @Shekhinah

27 February, 10:07

In response The Mac to his Publication

and three stepchildren... hardest job ever

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:09

In response P.J. Shekhinah to her Publication

Cells produce glutathione as an antioxidant to help resist oxidative stress.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:11

In response The Mac to his Publication

In a more recent study, coenzyme Q10 supplementation was shown to reduce oxidative stress and ASD-like symptoms in ASD children. Another promising molecule is N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a strong antioxidant that helps in boosting glutathione levels. 6 May 2020

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:13

In response The Mac to his Publication

During the earliest stages of a virus infection, cytokines are produced when innate immune defenses are activated. The rapid release of cytokines at the site of infection initiates new responses with far-reaching consequences that include inflammation.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:15

In response The Mac to his Publication

Note: Many kinds of bacteria have developed a process called CRISPR that helps them remember viruses they have seen before.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:17

In response The Mac to his Publication

the infected bacterial cell self-destructs to keep the infection from ...

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:18

In response The Mac to his Publication

ROS can kill pathogens directly by causing oxidative damage to biocompounds or indirectly by stimulating pathogen elimination by various nonoxidative mechanisms, including pattern recognition receptors signaling, autophagy, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and T-lymphocyte responses.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:19

In response The Mac to his Publication

Scientists have found that a virus can stimulate photosynthesis in bacterial hosts. ... Viruses that infect bacteria specifically are called bacteriophages. "They abuse the bacteria to produce new virus proteins," explained Microbiology Professor Nicole Frankenberg-Dinkel of the TU Kaiserslautern.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:20

In response The Mac to his Publication

"a virus can stimulate photosynthesis in bacterial hosts."

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:22

In response The Mac to his Publication

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:25

In response The Mac to his Publication

Blue light can excite porphyrin-like derivatives generated within bacteria, leading to the production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) (7–10).6 Jan 2021

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:27

In response The Mac to his Publication

The purpose of artificial photosynthesis is to produce a fuel from sunlight that can be stored conveniently and used when sunlight is not available, by using direct processes, that is, to produce a solar fuel.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:29

In response The Mac to his Publication

Note: The team's perovskite converts light instead of generating current, transforming blue photons to near-infrared (near-IR) photons, which the silicon cell below then turns into electricity. The researchers say the design could boost the efficiency of silicon solar cells by nearly 20%

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:30

In response The Mac to his Publication

A quantum dot solar cell (QDSC) is a solar cell design that uses quantum dots as the absorbing photovoltaic material.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:31

In response The Mac to his Publication

Whereas photovoltaics can provide energy directly from sunlight, the inefficiency of fuel production from photovoltaic electricity (indirect process) and the fact that sunshine is not constant throughout the day sets a limit to its use.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:32

In response The Mac to his Publication

Blue quantum dot light-emitting devices (QLEDs) are fabricated with solution process. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was doped into the ZnO nanoparticles electron transport layer. Electron injection is blocked and the electron mobility is reduced due to the presence of PVP.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:33

In response The Mac to his Publication

Electron transport layer (ETL) is a layer which has high electron mobility and high electron affinity. Thus in this layer holes are blocked and cannot go through while electrons can flow through. Hole transport layer (HTL) do the opposite of (ETL) behavior it blocks electrons to fllow through .

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:35

In response The Mac to his Publication

Electron deficiency is a term describing atoms or molecules having fewer than the number of electrons required for maximum stability. For each atom in a molecule, main group atoms having less than 8 electrons or transition metal atoms having less than 18 electrons are described as electron-deficient.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:37

In response The Mac to his Publication

Oxidation is the loss of electrons, gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen. Reduction is the gain of electrons, loss of oxygen or gain or hydrogen. ... Often you can explain it in terms of change in oxygen content or hydrogen content but sometimes an explanation in terms of electrons is required.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:39

In response The Mac to his Publication

A photon is produced whenever an electron in a higher-than-normal orbit falls back to its normal orbit. During the fall from high energy to normal energy, the electron emits a photon -- a packet of energy -- with very specific characteristics.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:40

In response The Mac to his Publication

Photoreceptors: Cells in the retina that initially transduce light energy into neural energy. When light hits the eye, the process of photoactivation begins. Light is transduced by rod and cone photoreceptors. Cones: Photoreceptors that are specialized for daylight vision, fine visual acuity and color.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:41

In response The Mac to his Publication

Quantum effect
While in the retina, the nanoparticles are stimulated by visible light entering the eye – and if a quantum dot is stimulated while it is in close proximity to a neural cell, it triggers an action potential in that cell which is interpreted as vision by the brain. 5 Dec 2019

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:44

In response The Mac to his Publication

Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels.[1] They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light.[2] Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes (see optogenetics).

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:45

In response The Mac to his Publication

The natural ("wild-type") ChR2 absorbs blue light with an absorption and action spectrum maximum at 480 nm.[5] When the all-trans-retinal complex absorbs a photon, it induces a conformational change from all-trans to 13-cis-retinal.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:45

In response The Mac to his Publication

This change introduces a further one in the transmembrane protein, opening the pore to at least 6 Å. Within milliseconds, the retinal relaxes back to the all-trans form, closing the pore and stopping the flow of ions.[4] Most natural channelrhodopsins are nonspecific cation channels, conducting H+, Na+, K+, and Ca2+ ions. Recently, anion-conducting channelrhodopsins have been discovered.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:46

In response The Mac to his Publication

Ultraviolet Radiation and HIV Infection: What Do We Know and Should ...
In these experiments, specific light sources were shown to activate the HIV gene and/or promote viral replication. UVC was the most potent activator. UVB, sunlight, and PUVA were also capable of activating HIV, albeit to lesser degrees (1–5).

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:48

In response The Mac to his Publication

We observed that oxidative stress positively affects viral RNA replication.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:50

In response The Mac to his Publication

Note: A missense mRNA arises from a missense mutation, in the event of which a DNA nucleotide base pair in the coding region of a gene is changed such that it results in the substitution of one amino acid for another.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:52

In response The Mac to his Publication

Virus mutation is mutation of viruses and may refer to: The feature of viruses to cause mutation in the human genome. The feature of viruses to perform viral genetic change in their own genome.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:53

In response The Mac to his Publication

"to cause mutation in the human genome."

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:55

In response The Mac to his Publication

A genome is an organism's complete set of genetic instructions. Each genome contains all of the information needed to build that organism and allow it to grow and develop. ... The instructions in our genome are made up of DNA. Within DNA is a unique chemical code that guides our growth, development and health.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:56

In response The Mac to his Publication

A major cause of DNA damage is oxidative stress, which is defined as an imbalance between an organism's ability to detoxify the reactive intermediates and the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) it faces.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:58

In response The Mac to his Publication

Mechanisms of oxidative damage to DNA bases. Of the reactive oxygen species, the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (•OH) reacts with DNA by addition to double bonds of DNA bases and by abstraction of an H atom from the methyl group of thymine and each of the C‐H bonds of 2′‐deoxyribose (2).

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 10:59

In response The Mac to his Publication

The hydroxyl radical, •OH, is the neutral form of the hydroxide ion (OH−). ... It is also an important radical formed in radiation chemistry, since it leads to the formation of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen, which can enhance corrosion and SCC in coolant systems subjected to radioactive environments.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 11:01

In response The Mac to his Publication

In living organisms there are two major reactive oxygen species, superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical that are being continuously formed in a process of reduction of oxygen to water. In the Haber-Weiss reaction hydroxyl radicals are generated in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and iron ions.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 11:02

In response The Mac to his Publication

In chemistry, iron(II) refers to the element iron in its +2 oxidation state. In ionic compounds, such an atom may occur as a separate cation denoted by Fe²⁺.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 11:05

In response The Mac to his Publication

All known forms of life require iron. Many proteins in living beings contain bound iron ions; those are an important subclass of the metalloproteins. Examples include hemoglobin, ferredoxin, and the cytochromes.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 11:06

In response The Mac to his Publication

Two major cell iron (Fe) uptake pathways, namely transferrin (Tf)-bound Fe uptake and non-Tf-bound Fe (NTBI) uptake. ... Iron in the LIP acts as an intermediate and can be utilized for storage in the iron storage protein, ferritin, or used for synthesis of heme and iron-sulfur clusters in the mitochondrion or cytosol.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 11:07

In response The Mac to his Publication

Like iron, iron oxide has magnetic properties.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 11:08

In response The Mac to his Publication

Iron oxide nanoparticles are used in cancer magnetic nanotherapy that is based on the magneto-spin effects in free-radical reactions and semiconductor material ability to generate oxygen radicals, furthermore, control oxidative stress in biological media under inhomogeneous electromagnetic radiation.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 11:11

In response The Mac to his Publication

God bless you. 🙏🏻❤️

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 11:14

In response The Mac to his Publication

https://en.m.wikipedia.org...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org...

In the paramagnetic state, the individual atomic magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the substance has a zero net magnetic moment if ...

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 11:17

In response The Mac to his Publication

Summary: New research by scientists shows that when cellular barriers are exposed to metal nanoparticles, cellular messengers are released that may cause damage to the DNA of developing brain cells. ... Nanoparticles are very small particles of between 1-100 nanometres in size. 4 Apr 2018

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 11:21

In response The Mac to his Publication

A solid lipid nanoparticle is typically spherical with an average diameter between 10 and 1000 nanometers. Solid lipid nanoparticles possess a solid lipid core matrix that can solubilize lipophilic molecules. The lipid core is stabilized by surfactants (emulsifiers).

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 11:23

In response The Mac to his Publication

Therefore, when glucose levels are low, triglycerides can be converted into acetyl CoA molecules and used to generate ATP through aerobic respiration. The breakdown of fatty acids, called fatty acid oxidation or beta (β)-oxidation, begins in the cytoplasm, where fatty acids are converted into fatty acyl CoA molecules.

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 11:25

In response The Mac to his Publication

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/1...

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The Mac @TheMac

27 February, 11:28

In response The Mac to his Publication

Triiodide production from potassium iodide because of light-induced ROS in the presence of molybdate catalyst was applied, and the amount of product was quantitatively followed by optical spectrometry. Furthermore, we demonstrated and carefully studied SUVs disruption as direct evidence of membrane destruction by the methods of dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), applying unsaturated phosphatidylcholines as membrane components...