delta2
/ˈdɛltə/
noun: delta; plural noun: deltas
a triangular tract of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river, typically where it diverges into several outlets.

"the Nile delta"

noun: delta; plural noun: deltas
1.
the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet ( Δ, δ ), transliterated as ‘d’.

BRITISH
a fourth-class mark given for an essay, examination paper, or other piece of work.
the fourth in a series of items, categories, etc.
modifier noun: delta

"delta hepatitis"

D
E
F
EN
D
IN
G

deafening (comparative more deafening, superlative most deafening)

Loud enough to cause temporary or permanent hearing loss.

(hyperbolic) Very loud.

Derived terms
deafening silence

AS HEARING LOSS

DNA shearing is an experimental process used to prepare DNA for analysis or other processing by the use of mechanical instruments to randomly cleave DNA. DNA is sheared to the desired fragment range. For instance, physical shearing can be done by probe sonication and nebulization.

During sonication, DNA samples are subjected to hydrodynamic shearing by exposure to brief periods of sonication.

Sonication, a type of hydrodynamic shearing, subjects DNA to acoustic cavitation and hydrodynamic shearing by exposure to brief periods of sonication, usually resulting in 700bp fragments. ... The DNA pass through a gauge needle several times to physically tear the DNA into fine pieces.

Acoustic cavitation, in simple terms, is the growth and collapse of preexisting microbubbles under the influence of an ultrasonic field in liquids. The cavitation bubbles can be characterized by the dynamics of oscillations and the maximum temperatures and pressures reached when they collapse.

Ulrasound is sound that have high pitched for the human ear to hear and is out of human audible range. Ultrasonic is an adjective which is used to describe a sound as being an ultrasound.

Fig. 1: (A) Geometry of a linear ultrasonic array. Each element face has area w X h and the elements are spaced by p. (B) Geometry of rotated linear array

Reading between the lines.

In this paper the concept of the metamaterial is explained. Using the interaction between the seismic (Rayleigh) wave and the ground-forest system the phenomena of wave stop is clarified. The example of ‘seismic metamaterial’ in architecture is also shown. The subunit of metamaterial is modeled as a mass-in-mass system. On the mass 1 a small mass with linear elastic spring is connected. The resonance conditions for the two-degrees of freedom system excited with a periodical trigonometric force are obtained. The term of effective mass is introduced. The effect of the negative effective mass on excitation wave spread is shown.

The real metamaterial subunit is made of a metal sphere surrounded with rubber on which a thin silicon layer is settled. The change of vibration direction of the core in comparison to the outside layer and wave give the transformation from the positive to negative effective mass. The subunit has only one very narrow frequency band gap. In the paper we considered the subunit with nonlinear elastic connection between basic and added masses. Namely the added mass with nonlinear spring acts as a nonlinear vibration absorber. If the excitation has the form of the Jacobi elliptic function and the nonlinear spring property is a cubic function of deflection the solution the frequency of vibration of the system depends on the amplitude of vibration.

For certain parameters of the excitation function, the calculated parameters of spring have to be used. It means that the properties of absorber have to be choosing in accordance with excitation parameters. The obtained frequency band gap for frequencies is larger for the nonlinear than for the linear subsystem. The realization of metamaterials by using the subunits incorporated in the basic material or honeycomb structure is shown. The metamaterials are not natural but artificial materials usually composites. The explanation of acoustic metamaterial in noise reduction is considered. The metamaterial produced at the University of Novi Sad, Serbia, is experimentally tested at the Laboratory of Nuclear Sciences in Bucharest, Romania. The experimental rig is shown. The obtained results of energy variation in the metamaterial excited with the white noise are plotted. The results are in a good agreement with theoretically obtained ones.

Noun

metamaterial (plural metamaterials)

(engineering, physics) any material that obtains its electromagnetic properties from its structure rather than from its chemical composition; especially a material engineered to have features of a size less than that of the wavelength of a class of electromagnetic radiation

an invisibility

envision (third-person singular simple present envisions, present participle envisioning, simple past and past participle envisioned)

(transitive) To conceive or see something within one's mind.

To imagine.

Synonyms
envisage, visualize, dream, imagine, think up

Earlier this week Samsung confirmed that they have acquired QD Vision, the US-based provider of quantum dot technology for consumer displays. According to sources cited by SamMobile, the deal was confirmed ahead of its official announcement next week by Jung Chil-hee, the head of Samsung's Advanced Institute of Technology.

Quantum dots are semiconductor nanocrystals that can be tuned to emit light at very specific wavelengths. At the end of this program, QD Vision will deliver two prototype solutions: One with quantum dots as an emissive layer in an electronic device (electroluminescent application) and the other in a film that is activated by external light sources (photoluminescent application).

“This program will leverage QD Vision’s experience in developing stable, efficient IR materials for tactical applications,” said Jason Carlson, President and CEO of QD Vision. “This is our second DARPA Program as a prime contractor, and we are excited to demonstrate these novel materials in two distinct modes of operation.”

Although this project is sponsored by DARPA, the content of the information does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the government, and no official endorsement should be inferred.

Credit money is sometimes referred to as fountain pen money, because it is created with a stroke of a banker's pen (or more usually today, by inserting numbers into a computer). The term credit money is a consequence of commercial bank's IOU only remaining valid whilst the bank remains solvent.

RFID-enabled credit cards - also called contactless credit cards or “tap to pay” cards - have tiny RFID chips inside of the card that allow the transmission of information. ... You won't be able to see the RFID chip in a credit card because it's inside the card. Credit cards with RFID technology are easy to use.

How does RFID work? Instead of swiping your card and providing information through the magnetic strip on the back, RFID cards transmit your payment details via radio frequency. With a tap or wave, you can make purchases without entering a PIN or waiting for the chip reader.22 Feb 2021

This article presents an overview on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology for human implants and investigates the technological feasibility of such implants for locating and tracking persons or for remotely controlling human biological functions. Published results on the miniaturization of implantable passive RFID devices are reported as well as a discussion on the choice of the transmission frequency in wireless communication between a passive RFID device implanted inside human body and an off-body interrogator. The two techniques (i.e., inductive coupling and electromagnetic coupling) currently used for wirelessly supplying power to and read data from a passive implantable RFID device are described and some documented biomedical and therapeutic applications of human RFID-implant devices are finally reported.

Function is not the same as purpose in the teleological sense, that is, possessing conscious mental intention to achieve a goal. In the philosophy of biology, evolution is a blind process which has no 'goal' for the future. For example, a tree does not grow flowers for any purpose, but does so simply because it has evolved to do so. To say 'a tree grows flowers to attract pollinators' would be incorrect if the 'to' implies purpose. A function describes what something does, not what its 'purpose' is. However, teleological language is often used by biologists as a shorthand way of describing function, even though its applicability is disputed.[11]

In contemporary philosophy of biology, there are three major accounts of function in the biological world: theories of causal role,[20] selected effect,[21] and goal contribution.

Teleonomy is the quality of apparent purposefulness and of goal-directedness of structures and functions in living organisms brought about by natural processes like natural selection. The term derives from the Greek "τελεονομία", compound of two Greek words, τέλος, from τελε-, ("end", "goal", "purpose") and νόμος nomos ("law"). Teleonomy is sometimes contrasted with teleology, where the latter is understood as a purposeful goal-directedness brought about through human or divine intention.

Teleology (from τέλος, telos, 'end', 'aim', or 'goal,' and λόγος, logos, 'explanation' or 'reason') or finality is a reason or explanation for something as a function of its end, purpose, or goal, as opposed to as a function of, say, its cause. A purpose that is imposed by a human use, such as the purpose of a fork to hold food, is called extrinsic.

Another instance is when Thomas Nagel (2012), though not a biologist, proposed a non-Darwinian account of evolution that incorporates impersonal and natural teleological laws to explain the existence of life, consciousness, rationality, and objective value.

Consciousness, at its simplest, is sentience or awareness of internal and external existence.[1] Despite millennia of analyses, definitions, explanations and debates by philosophers and scientists, consciousness remains puzzling and controversial,[2] being "at once the most familiar and most mysterious aspect of our lives".[3] Perhaps the only widely agreed notion about the topic is the intuition that it exists.[4] Opinions differ about what exactly needs to be studied and explained as consciousness.

Sometimes, it is synonymous with the mind, and at other times, an aspect of it. In the past, it was one's "inner life", the world of introspection, of private thought, imagination and volition.[5] Today, it often includes some kind of experience, cognition, feeling or perception. It may be awareness, awareness of awareness, or self-awareness.[6] There might be different levels or orders of consciousness,[7] or different kinds of consciousness, or just one kind with different features.[8] Other questions include whether only humans are conscious, all animals, or even the whole universe. The disparate range of research, notions and speculations raises doubts about whether the right questions are being asked.

The mind is the set of faculties including cognitive aspects such as consciousness, imagination, perception, thinking, intelligence, judgement, language and memory, as well as noncognitive aspects such as emotion and instinct. Under the scientific physicalist interpretation, the mind is produced at least in part by the brain. The primary competitors to the physicalist interpretations of the mind are idealism, substance dualism, and types of property dualism, and by some lights eliminative materialism and anomalous monism.[citation needed] There is a lengthy tradition in philosophy, religion, psychology, and cognitive science about what constitutes a mind and what are its distinguishing properties.

What is optogenetics?

Optogenetics incorporates methodology from the fields of optics and genetics in attempting to understand the activity of neurons. Specifically, optogenetic methods can be used to selectively activate individual neurons. This allows researchers to gain a better understanding of the function of these neurons by observing the effects of their activation.

There have been a few different approaches developed to activate neurons; one of the more common approaches was realized with the help of green algae. Green algae possess an ion channel that opens in response to light. When the channel is exposed to light it opens, allowing ions to rush into the cell and potentially causing an action potential to occur. The channel is called channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), and algae use its light sensitivity to grow towards sources of light.

Researchers in the early 2000s realized if they could get neurons to express light-sensitive ion channels like ChR2, then they could potentially control the activation of those neurons using pulses of light. So, they packaged the genes that encode for ChR2 into a viral vector and used it to infect neurons. The viral vector carries ChR2 genes into susceptible cells and "infects" them, causing the target cells to express the genes.

What is an IR blaster, anyway? The “IR” in IR blaster stands for “infrared.” The hardware itself is also equally simple to understand. If your phone has an IR blaster, it allows you to send commands via infrared rays to another device, such as a television, set-top box, or stereo compatible with IR remotes.

Infrared technologies provide tremendous value to our modern-day society. The need for easy-to-fabricate, solution-processable, tunable infrared active optoelectronic materials has driven the development of infrared colloidal quantum dots, whose band gaps can readily be tuned by dimensional constraints due to the quantum confinement effect. In this Perspective, we summarize recent progress in the development of infrared quantum dots both as infrared light emitters (e.g., in light-emitting diodes, biological imaging, etc.) as well as infrared absorbers (e.g., in photovoltaics, solar fuels, photon up-conversion, etc.), focusing on how fundamental breakthroughs in synthesis, surface chemistry, and characterization techniques are facilitating the implementation of these nanostructures into exploratory device architectures as well as in emerging applications. We discuss the ongoing challenges and opportunities associated with infrared colloidal quantum dots.

Quantum dots (QDs), with particle sizes in the nanometer range, have unique electronic and optical properties. They have the potential to open an avenue for next-generation optoelectronic methods and devices, such as lasers, biomarker assays, field effect transistors, LEDs, photodetectors, and solar concentrators.