New laboratory research from the University of Colorado suggests that erythritol, a sugar substitute widely used in keto and sugar-free products, may damage the blood-brain barrier. When cells were exposed to amounts comparable to those seen after a single sweetened drink, researchers observed increased oxidative stress and the death of protective barrier cells.
The study also found disruptions in blood vessel signaling, including reduced nitric oxide and elevated endothelin-1, changes that can cause vessels to constrict and limit oxygen delivery to the brain. In addition, erythritol appeared to inhibit the release of tissue plasminogen activator, a natural compound the body uses to dissolve blood clots.