In 2015, a team of researchers decided to test an unusual recipe found in a 10th century Anglo Saxon medical book called Bald’s Leechbook. The book described a salve meant to treat eye infections, using ingredients that sound ordinary today but were taken very seriously in early medieval medicine. The mix called for garlic, onion, wine, and oxgall, all placed together inside a brass vessel and left untouched for nine nights. The instructions were so specific that the scientists followed every step exactly as written, even choosing the same type of metal container.

The group did not expect much. Medieval remedies are often dismissed as strange or outdated, but this one surprised everyone in the lab. Once the mixture had aged for the required nine nights, they tested it on MRSA, a modern superbug known for resisting antibiotics. The ancient salve attacked the bacteria with shocking force. Instead of a small effect, it destroyed up to 90 percent of the MRSA cells, performing better tha