The Mac @TheMac
22 September, 08:42
With recent advancement in transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) technology, non-invasive and targeted BBB opening became possible in several animal models5,6. This technique involves a systemic injection of a mixture composed of ultrasound contrast agents (lipid-based microbubbles) and molecules to be delivered.

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The Mac @TheMac
22 September, 08:43
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The emitted ultrasonic waves propagate through the skull and cause the microbubbles to cavitate (to oscillate) within the capillaries in the targeted brain region7,8. It was reported that this interaction transiently loosens the tight junctions between endothelial cells9. As a result, the BBB is temporarily opened and the molecules of interest diffuse into the brain parenchyma according to their concentration gradient10. By taking the advantage of the non-invasive nature of the FUS technique, we report here the design and implementation of a FUS-facilitated gene delivery for optogenetic applications. Viral vectors encoding various light-activated protein channels delivered via this approach allow for an entirely non-invasive neural stimulation procedure in vivo.

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The Mac @TheMac
22 September, 08:47
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The Mac @TheMac
22 September, 08:52
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The Mac @TheMac
22 September, 08:55
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In this chapter, we will give a review of guided wave phased array techniques for damage detection in aerospace structures. The delay-and-sum beamforming in time and frequency domains will be introduced in detail. We will also discuss how array configurations as well as guided waves parameters affect the beamforming resolution and directionality. Then applications for space SHM using guided wave phased arrays are introduced. Two examples of phased array implementation using piezoceramic wafers and laser vibrometer will be given. The chapter ends with a conclusion and discussion on the current status and the future directions for guided wave phased array technique.

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The Mac @TheMac
22 September, 08:59
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Bone regeneration using piezoelectric nano-biomaterials. a) Illustration of rapid osseointegration between electropositive implant and electronegative bone interaction. b) Histological evidence for pronounced osseointegration with BFO+ coated STO implants compared to uncoated or BFO− coated STO implants (yellow arrows: bone-material interfaces; NB: nascent bone, FT: fibrous tissue). a,b) Reproduced with permission.6 Copyright 2017, Wiley-VCH.c) Schematic representation of mechanical strain induced electric charge generation on piezoelectric material surface triggering cell signaling pathways; d) Alkaline phosphatase activity after 15 d of static and dynamic culture of hASCs on different PVDF films using regular and osteogenic medium (*p ≤ 0.005).

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The Mac @TheMac
Reproduced with permission.7 Copyright 2014, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. e) Effects of US stimulation to cultured SaOS-2 cells on P(VDF-TrFE) and P(VDF-TrFE)/BNNT films using differentiation medium (Bright-field microscopy after Alizarin Red staining). Reproduced with permission.29 Copyright 1997, Elsevier.
08:59 PM - Sep 22, 2021
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The Mac @TheMac
22 September, 09:01
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The Mac @TheMac
22 September, 09:03
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The word piezoelectricity means electricity resulting from pressure and latent heat. ... Conversely, those same crystals will change about 0.1% of their static dimension when an external electric field is applied. The inverse piezoelectric effect is used in the production of ultrasound waves.

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