After ingestion, nanoparticles encounter a series of barriers, including the gastric and intestinal milieu, the mucus barrier, the tight junctions blocking paracellular passage, the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract, and the subepithelial tissue [21]. Subsequently, there are two pathways for nanoparticles absorption, specifically the paracellular absorption, which occurs when the nanoparticles are small enough to pass through the spaces between the cells, and the transcellular uptake through enterocytes, either passively or by binding to specific receptors [22]. Hence, depending on the size, dispersibility, and the charge of the nanoparticle [16], they can diffuse through the gastrointestinal tract into the systemic circulation and translocate to other organs [23]. If the size is reduced, nanoparticles can cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the brain [24].